Causes and Effects of the Computer Essay

The twenty- first century is already turning out to be the century of the computer. The computer revolution that started after the Second World War is now developing exponentially and computers are beginning to influence and take over nearly every aspect of our lives. Computers are clearly changing and affecting society in many ways. The two main areas which computers have brought about a profound change in our lives are in the economic field an in the field of communication. The computer has led to immense changes in economic and business life. First, business now have to be computerized or they risk failure. Every big corporation bases it’s operations on computing, regardless of which sector they are in. For example, coco-cola and Levi’s market and sell different products and services, yet they all share on basic property without computers their operations would collapse. Second, computing is an economic dynamo. Many other countries have large IT sectors which drive their economies upwards. Furthermore the developed world is moving from an industrial- based economy to a computer and IT-based one. It is not just in business that computers have affected us so profoundly; communication has been revolutionized totally. Firstly, whereas before, people speak on the phone, which was expensive, now they e-mail. For instance, instead of waiting weeks for a letter now we can read it instantly, seconds after its been written. Secondly, many people use computers to communicate with people all around the world using chat rooms and chat programs, this was impossible before the computer became widespread. As a result, now people who live thousands of miles away from each other can communicate and share information and ideas easily and quickly. In conclusion computers have a profound effect on our lives in many ways and it is in business and communication that they have had the greatest influence. In the future if the computer continues evolving at such speed, our business practice and methods of communication will undergo even more radical changes.

Ethical Conflicts Essay

Because human services work often involves direct client interaction, there are times when the values of the worker differ from those of their clients. In these circumstances, ethical dilemmas tend to arise. Review the case examples and current ethical conflicts presented in Chapter 5 of your textbook. Choose (1) Case study :Social and Moral Issues in the Case of a 96-Year-Old Woman- page 141 96 years old woman live alone, Her house is full of trash .House is a health hazard with all the trash. bring on unwanted guess( rats which make the house unhealthy to live in). The house seem to be a fire hazard with all the trash in the house. The house has a bad order which has made a worker sick. The floor is in needed of repair , this can be unsafe for her one day. she slept in one room. The owner her nephew will not fix repairs. The stove is on and burning all day with trash on it. Doctors say she is mentally competent (1) Ethical conflict Will her right be taken away from her by removed her from her home. Is it right to leave her in a home that is unsafe for her to live. This is very difficult for one to choose but is it morally right to leave her in a house that you know is not safe. Should her nephew be held accountable for his home. To discuss, and present the dilemmas involved in each case. As a human services professional, how would you handle these situations? How would you balance your values as a professional with a client’s needs? Well for one she is unsafe in her home . I would have the house inspected by the city to confirm that its not safe for her. My balance I think would be to stay focus she 96 maybe it is time for her to have some one look after her and still give her independence. If she was a child living under those condition a worker would remove her from the home until it is improve. To me in my opinion she needs to be safe Schram, BRMB, Introduction to Human services : Policy and Practice, Eight Edition Values, Skills, and Knowledge To work in the field of human services, individuals must possess a unique blend of personal and professional values, skills, and knowledge. Using Table 4.1 as a reference, provide an overview of the structure and content of the helping relationship. Discuss the characteristics of an effective human service worker in relation to the A.S.K. pyramid, describe how each of these levels of the pyramid are of equal importance in human services, and explain how this differs from other fields. How would clients be disadvantaged, for example, by an unsympathetic, inflexible, unskilled worker? Working in this field we will need to have the knowledge of the A.S.K pyramid. The pyramid has three different parts. Knowing and using all three will help you in this field of work. The three parts are 1 Knowledge-is about human growth and social problems. people 2-Skiills- being able to be an good listener, while interviewing and watching your surrounding for clues while collecting data 3 Attitude- Having empathy and try to be very patience , be willing to help without judging. In order to give our best, we must apply A.S.K in your work field . We work with people which sometime can be trying every day. No one is the same. We as social worker will have an affect on by working close with them. We will be working to help change lives more so than other fields. A client would be disadvantaged by and unsympathetic, inflexible , unskilled worker because they would not show empathy nor have the patient that they would need . They would not have the knowledge that is need to help them, I believe they would not even listen they would just judge.

Religious Architectures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religious Architectures - Essay Example The Masjid e Nabwi also known as the Prophet’s Mosque is the second holiest place of worship for Muslims. It is the largest mosque of the world which is also the resting place for Prophet Muhammad and two Caliphs of Islam namely Abu Bakr and Umar. The original mosque was built by the Prophet himself in 622 CE. The mosque was built in a rectangular shape; the walls were made using palm trunks and mud and the ceiling was made using palm fronds. The mosque had a raised platform where the holy book of Islam, the Quran was recited. This place was not only a place of worship but also a court, religious school and a community center where politics and other fundamental issues were discussed. Today this mosque is 100 times larger than the original mosque. The place where Prophet Muhammad used to preach was beside palm tree wood which was replaced by a ‘minbar’ in 628. This was done so the Prophet could be higher than the crowd and it would be easier to lead the prayer or address the crowds. The mosque now has two floors where prayers are offered. The roof is also used during peak times to accommodate the worshippers. The green dome is called ‘Ar-Rawdah’ and is situated above Muhammad’s grave. It is also called the ‘Dome of the Prophet’. The mosque has a total of 27 domes. There are holes in the base of each dome; this is done so the interior is kept illuminated. The mosque has 10 minarets. Minarets and dome are important distinctive architectural elements of a mosque. Minarets are useful because they give a visual focal point and they are also used as a vantage point for ‘adhaan’, the call for prayer. Minarets also provide a natural ventilation system. As the dome gets heated by the sun the air is drawn in from the windows and up and out the minarets. There is a ‘mihrab’ in every mosque to mark the direction of the ‘qibla’ (where the worshippers face towards while offering praye rs). The Santa Maria Novella is a church in Florence and the first great basilica there. It was built in the place of the 9th century worship place of Santa Maria delleVigne. In 1221, after the site was assigned to the Dominican Order, a new church was built which was designed by Fra Ristoro da Campi and Fra SistoFiorentino. The church has the basic architectural elements of a church; the basilica, the stained glass windows and the Latin cross. The interior of the church is built based on the basilica plan as a Latin cross. It is separated into a nave and a short transept. The nave which is 100 meters in length is designed this way to give an impression of graveness. Stained glass windows are a common part of a church. They represent religious scenes or figures as well provide sufficient natural light in the church. Some people also associate this entering of light with Christ. The ones in Santa Maria church date back to the 14th and 15th century. The chapels of the church include F ilippoStrozzi, Gondi Chapel, Cappella Strozzi di Mantova, Della Pura, Rucellai Chapel, Bardi Chapel, Sacristy and the Spanish Chapel. Chapels are small rooms situated within a church. The Sistine Chapel is of great importance for the Christians as it is the home of the Pope in Vatican City. Known for its architectural designs and decoration done by the Renaissance artists such as Pietro Perugino, Sandro Botticelli, Michelangelo and Pinturicchio the chapel has been a place for functionary papal happenings and religious endeavors. It is also the venue where the new Pope is chosen. The Sistine Chapel is also famed for Papal Conclaves. When a conclave takes place, a chimney is fitted in the chapel’s roof for signaling with smoke. When white smoke is seen rising from the chimney, it is a sign that a new pope has been selected. The smoke results

Strategic Personal Development Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategic Personal Development Plan - Term Paper Example The process of creating a PDP also involves the identification of the current situation in terms of qualification, skills, abilities as well as knowledge. Once all this is identified, the process of writing the PDP can start. The process of documenting the PDP involves several different stages, such as the current state and the situation that one desires to be, the ways to reach that position and so on. It is critical to identify the desired state because based on that, objectives and goals required to reach that state are arrived at. To get clarity on goals, it is ideal to use SMART criteria. For convenience, it is also good to split up the objectives based on whether they are short term, medium term and long term as this makes it easier to monitor them and achieve them. In the conclusion of the PDP, the reasons for achieving the goals are highlighted and the methods adopted to find out the best possible way to achieve these goals are identified. Introduction. A Personal Development Plan (PDP) can be defined as a formal, structured and organized process which is undertaken by an individual in order to get a perspective on their own learning, performance as well as achievements and to help them plan for development of their career, education as well as personal life. ... It is critical to identify the desired state because based on that, objectives and goals required to reach that state are arrived at. To get clarity on goals, it is ideal to use SMART criteria. For convenience, it is also good to split up the objectives based on whether they are short term, medium term and long term as this makes it easier to monitor them and achieve them. In the conclusion of the PDP, the reasons for achieving the goals are highlighted and the methods adopted to find out the best possible way to achieve these goals are identified. Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it into small jobs. Henry Ford 1. Introduction to PDP A Personal Development Plan (PDP) can be defined as a formal, structured and organized process which is undertaken by an individual in order to get a perspective on their own learning, performance as well as achievements and to help them plan for development of their career, education as well as personal life. A PDP should adopt many different approaches of learning that would help in connecting planning (the desire as well as the goal of an individual for learning), doing (developing a correlation between action and intent), recording (documenting thoughts, ideas, notions, experiences and events so that it is possible to understand the methods and outcomes of the learning process) and reflection (evaluating and judging the results of the process of learning). Personal development is just not a process that involves improving oneself and others, but it is also a process that involves practice and research. It involves a deep understanding of methods of personal developments, learning

Evolution Seminar Unit 8 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evolution Seminar Unit 8 - Research Paper Example When scientists use the term â€Å"theory†, it already has years of research behind it before it has been presented for scientific evaluation. However to a non-scientist theory is something that is â€Å"cutting-edge† science and needs to be taught to the children Antibacterial resistance of bacteria and pesticide resistance are good examples of natural selection. Since resistance is a genetic characteristic, not all bacteria had the gene that would induce resistance against an antimicrobial agent. However, a few bacteria did have resistance against the agent and hence nature â€Å"selected† them for survival. Therefore the later generation too had this gene carried forward to show resistance against the antimicrobial agent and hence evolution occurred. 6 Charles Darwin died before Gregor Mendel, also known as the Father of Genetics, shared his discoveries on the inheritance of traits. However, their research definitely complements one another. How could further research into genetics continue to help us understand the process of evolution? Genetics is today the most important tool in understanding everything about the origin and life of earth as well as that of human beings. Using molecular tools we will be able to understand the origin of man and how exactly we evolved and so on. It is not only man that we can study but also how man and other animals are linked and construct phylogenetic trees more

Writing a news story Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing a news story - Article Example The culture of the area is becoming wilder with more drug use and binge drinking in the restaurant strip at Mooloolaba, especially because many of the coast-licensed venues drew in a large crowd on Thursday, Friday and Saturday nights. â€Å"Frankly, our officers are sick of it. These people need to take responsibility for themselves,† he said. â€Å"If they won’t we will make them by breaking these incidents up and arresting the troublemakers †¦ yeah, it’s bad now, worse than any time I can remember.† Of the four people hurt, they suffered minor cuts and bruises. One man, Patrick Johnston, 23, of Budherism, was knocked unconscious after he sustained a deep cut to the forehead and was transported by ambulance to Nambour Hospital. â€Å"Yeah, we worry, really. There is blood in the streets. There are people being hurt and others being affected because these things are spilling into the streets and there is a ripple effect,† Sergeant Thomsen said. â€Å"It’s bad, mate, really bad.† One interview that I would suggest to strengthen this story would be one of an eye witness who saw the entire incident. To learn more about violence in the area, I would suggest talking to local owners of the clubs and restaurants to see more about what they think about the increase in violence and why they think that the area is ranked so high as a violent area. That person would be a good source of information. Another source of information would be a survey of how many police incidents have occurred in the area in a certain period of time and if it has changed since the prior

Pharmaceuticals and Job Lock-Out Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pharmaceuticals and Job Lock-Out - Assignment Example Also, cost of health care is projected to rise from the current $2.1 trillion yearly to $4 trillion in the next 10 years (Callahan, 2008). These escalating costs are significant contributors to the rising number of uninsured people. Business entities are finding it difficult to cater for their employees’ health benefits. The current statistics show that about 61% of employers afford to pay for their employees insurance as compared to a decade ago which was about 70%. Also, employers that give their employees the health benefits are using co-payments and deductibles as a means of reducing their expenses thus forces employees to pay more. The uninsured lot that is about 15% is at a risk of both health-wise and financially. Nevertheless, the high health cost currently threatens everyone, even those in Medicaid and Medicare programs (Callahan, 2008). Hitherto, though there is great awareness among people on the risks of rising costs, this problem has not compelled the attention of the public, media or presidents with the pressure of the uninsured (this is true irrespective of the recent opinions polls showing its rising popularity). There are quite developments of strategies to achieve universal care, but not much has been done in cost control since it is implicitly unpopular. This is the case since by controlling the costs, it means others will have to give something up and agree to something different (Callahan, 2008). Pharmaceuticals play a major role in providing medical resources for cure, treatment and prevention. Patents rights and rights to intellectual property develop obstacles to competition and manipulate pricing. There are some recent policies that try to limit access to certain types of pharmaceuticals. One of such policy is proposed by the Obama administration. The policy restricts the range of insurance plan on the various drug classes. This proposed policy is receiving strong opposition from both drug companies and patient

Law Enforcement Liability Issues Research Paper

Law Enforcement Liability Issues - Research Paper Example Officer’s not only protect and serve the public; at times they themselves need protection from liability law suits and claims. Individuals not happy with the outcomes of an action may file suit just to ease frustrations and to gain a sense of control over a situation. Officers are provided some protection with the Police Manual of Arrest, Seizure, and Interrogation, designed to assist an officer in making a correct decision in most circumstances and protect from liability claims. Further protection is provided to officers individually, holding departments financially responsible, by the Crown Liability Act. Finally the BC offense act states what specific offenses can be legally used in a court of law against an officer. Body Being a law enforcement officer takes more than just training. Common sense and compassion for the public are also incredibly important. In order to succeed in dealing with the people and the numerous challenges that they face every day, a law enforcement officer needs a specific type of personality. This particular personality is a combination of the above things, common sense being right there at the top of the list. Liability issues and concerns are faced not only by law enforcement officers, but by everyone, all the time. Even though there are a variety of different types of law enforcement in this day and age, their risk of liability issues remain the same. That is where training, government law, and personality come in handy for all individuals involved. The first thing people need to learn about liability is this: What is it? According to Oxford, liability is ‘being liable; troublesome person or thing; handicap; debts for which one is liable.’ (Oxford University Press,1995). Liable, according to Oxford is ‘legally bound; subject to; under an obligation; exposed or open to; answerable for.’(Oxford University Press,1995). In translation, liability means that one needs to answer for what they have done. Every action or reaction has a consequence, and the individual who made the action needs to own up to the consequence that goes with it. For example, if Officer A punched Drunk Driver 1 in the face because Drunk Driver 1 refused to get out of the car, Officer A would be liable for that action. In other words, Officer A would have to own up to and pay the consequence of his/her action, likely in a court of law. The opposite of this scenario would be if Drunk Driver 1 punched Officer A in the face, then proceeded to state that he had been punched in the face by Officer A. Drunk Driver 1 would then be responsible for what he/she had done in a court of law. Whether an officer is on duty or off, they must reflect their actions with reason. There has to be a good, liable reason for them to do what they do. The Use of Force Continuum is an important tool for law enforcement officers around the world. It is an important guide that has the ability to dictate what an appropriate action for th e officer is under any given circumstances. This continuum is often used in a court of law by lawyers, and even by the officers themselves. It is a direct, easy to follow guideline. The Use of Force Continuum is built in a circular pattern. At the start there is ‘Officer Presence’, and at the end there is ‘Lethal Force’. ‘It promotes a continuous assessment and evaluation of each situation, and helps officers understand and make use of a variety of force options to respond to potentially violent situations.’

The cola market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The cola market - Essay Example As a new entrant in the market, Red Bull’s product for its new cola will only aim to cater and serve certain segments of the market. In order to know the market well, Red Bull has to segment its market carefully in order to assess which market segment should be chosen.The Red Bull brand has been associated with various lifestyles in the functional segment of the beverage market in the UK. Because of this existing association which is rooted from the lifestyle segment of the market, Red Bull’s new product can also use the lifestyle or psychographic segmentation for the cola market.According to Tom Duncan in his book â€Å"Principles of Advertising and IMC†, he defines psychographics as â€Å"measures that classify customers in terms of their attitudes, interests, and opinions as well as their lifestyle activities.† Since the Red Bull brand is positioned using the lifestyle segmentation of the market, the entry of its new product in the cola market can use t he lifestyle segmentation as well in order to make its product successful.The segment for the functional beverages has increased over the years due to the aging population of UK, as well as the shift to the more health-conscious products. With this, Red Bull has capitalized on the health-conscious segment of the market which looks for â€Å"regenerative and rejuvenating properties†.This strategic segment of the health-conscious group of consumers, according to Mad.co.uk (2008) will be entered by Red Bull with a â€Å"head to head on-trade† with Pepsico’s Pepsi Raw.

Final Project Reflective Paper - Team Beta Assignment

Final Project Reflective Paper - Team Beta - Assignment Example Consequently, it is a suitable platform for human resource managers to evaluate their progress and effect adjustment in their human resource management strategies. Management Introduction While implementing projects in new environments, any organization will require to strategize on how to manage its resources including the human labour in an effort to penetrate the market and compete with the external and internal market forces. The human labour is a crucial element of any business, and its management and effective utilization has a direct impact on the organization’s success. The productivity of human labour in all the phases of project implementation lies on the shoulders of the organizational managers. The role of human resource manager in an organization is to recruit, train, monitor, evaluate and motivate the employees during the project implementation process. The performance of an organization will depend on its ability to exercise effective organization behavior and s kills while managing teamwork among the role players within the system. To do this, a company will require to conduct a SWOT analysis as a strategy of re-evaluating its effectiveness in gathering its strengths, neutralizing its threats and weaknesses and grasping its opportunities presented in the environment. Effective team management and organizational behavior are the basic elements that the human resource management must possess in order to survive in the diverse market. Just like any other organization, Team Beta has faced the challenge of managing the team players during the implementation of its performance based scenario planning project. To maintain teamwork within the four members who have a variant cultural background is a credit worth effort that requires effective management skills that can stand the tests of a harsh project environment. The purpose of this article is engage in a critical reflective practice that Brookfield (1998) terms as an effective procedure to chec k the success of any team leader at each stage of a project. Organizational Behaviors and Skills Required in a Successful 21st-Century Organizational transformation is an element of business that an organization cannot ignore in the 21st century. With the proliferation of technology the barriers of business boundaries have become a thing of the past and the world has condensed into a small village. This is a century that has been dominated by trade globalization and extension of business boundaries to feature international business markets (Kreitman, 1997). These changes have had a great impact on trade and organizations are under the pressure to readjust their organizational behavior to suit diversified business environments that are characterized with unpredictable market forces. In team management, it is important to adopt a behavior that suits the modern approach of team management. One challenge that arises team management is the understanding of the available labour force, its management and motivation of the role players. Global diversity management advocates that team leaders provide opportunities for each employee to grow and develop within the organizations that they work in. It requires that the organization takes

Meaning of Life and Success Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Life and Success Essay Extended Definition Essay Success The most Important thing In my life Is thought to be happiness. In order to achieve success you must adjust to very situation with ease. Success Is It the process of doing a task and receiving a positive result, or Is It simply achieving ones own personal goals. According to The American Heritage dictionary success Is, the achievement of something desired, planned, or attempt. The word success itself means to achieve your goal or get the point that you looking for. Some people success meant to them to be rich or to finish school and work high pay Jobs. But for me success means more han that. Success means to me have peace and love; also to get married and to enter heaven after this life is over. To be sure, everybody who has peace and love is a successful succeeding person. Wthout peace and love there is no success. You wake up in the morning and you dont worry about anything that day; that is success for me, because the life is short, you dont have to be concerned about anything. Also if you have a family that loves you and is always happy for what you are doing, that is success. In addition, if you take care of your old parents and they love you and they live a happy life, which is uccess tor me. Additionally, success Is also something that Is viewed differently In the eyes of everyone. This is because success means doing what I have always wanted do being where I have always wanted to be. My goal In life Is to eventually get married toa good wife and have many happy children and If I accomplished that, then I could view myself as having success. Lastly, meaning of success for me Is to enter the heaven after this life Is over. We know that life in this world is too short, and we dont know when we are going to die and what we are going to get after this life. That is a simple answer; do good deeds in this world and you are going to be successful in the Ife hereafter. That means you enter the heaven for sure and that is big reward from God to his mankind. There is no dying after this life; that means f you dont enter the heaven you will be the loser and who ever go in the heaven will be the winner. In conclusion, I still agree with the Idea I presented: however according to the dictionary and many other resources, success means to them achievement. But according to my own opinion success means to believe the ones of God, and to have eace and love in your whole life, and to get in heaven the life hereafter. Meaning of Life and Success BY elm12696 The most important thing in my life is thought to be happiness. In order to achieve success you must adjust to very situation with ease. Success is it the process of doing a task and receiving a positive result, or is it simply achieving ones own personal goals. According to The American Heritage dictionary success is, the achievement of Without peace and love there is no success. You wake up in the morning and you you dont have to be concerned about anything. Also if you have a family that loves uccess for me. Additionally, success is also something that is viewed differently in the eyes of where I have always wanted to be. My goal in life is to eventually get married to a good wife and have many happy children and if I accomplished that, then I could Lastly, meaning of success for me is to enter the heaven after this life is over. We this world and you are going to be successful in the life hereafter. That means you no dying after this life; that means if you dont enter the heaven you will be the loser In conclusion, I still agree with the idea I presented: however according to the

Assessing Materiality and Risk Simulation Essay Example for Free

Assessing Materiality and Risk Simulation Essay Certain accounts, such as cash, long term debt and short term borrowings, and intangibles, are audited 100% because they are very important to the audit process and/or industry, or simply because they are easily verifiable. Unlike auditing inventory, accounts receivable, accounts payable, capital assets; which can be time-consuming to audit fully, auditing 100% of cash or long term debt is fairly easy (e.g. by obtaining cash and debt confirmations from banks). â€Å"According to the financial accounting standards board, materiality symbolized the importance of something forgotten or a misstatement of an entry in an economic report that, the encircling assets make it believable that the awareness of a sensible individual depending on the facts would have been replaced, altered by the involvement or repair of an article† (Boynton, Johnson). All in all when an auditor create an agreeable materiality level that discover both the quantity (amount) and the (quality) nature of misstatements needed to be examined. The auditor will also with given time will assign materiality to everything that is sampled, this way no report is omitted or avoids a looked. Audit risk is the possibility of a material misstatement, remaining undetected even after the audit is completed and as a result the audit statement fails to provide true and fair view of the company financial statements. Of the three components of audit risk, only detection risk is a result of failure on the part of the auditor to notice a misstatement. As noted above, audit risk is a function of inherent risk, control risk and detection risk. Inherent risk and control risk make up the risk of material misstatement. RMM = IR x CR AR = RMM x DR If we assume that the auditor does not have impact on control risk (control risk is usually assessed as High, unless test of controls is performed) and no impact on inherent risk, the auditor needs to manipulate detection risk to reduce the level of audit risk. The higher the risk of material misstatement, the more thorough substantive procedures the auditor needs to apply to support the account balance.

Walmart-success story in india

Walmart-success story in india Executive Summary The retail sector had driven a major economic boom in various parts of the world. The impact of the booming retail was most visible in Developed and Developing countries of the world. The Asian regions were also witnessing an economic boost backed by the retail sector. By 2005, retailing was worth US $7 trillion. Walmart was the worlds largest retailer when it extricated oil giant Exxon Mobil as the worlds largest company by posting US $219 billion in sales for fiscal 2001. Walmarts success had been the result of its ability to leverage size, market clout, and efficiency. Walmart topped Fortune magazines list of top 500 companies in the world, successively for three years till 2004. In the early 1990s, Walmart announced that it planned to go global. It wanted to look for international markets for many reasons like; the competition from domestic market was becoming stiff. Although Walmart had the scope of expansion in the domestic market, it was becoming difficult to maintain double digit growth as it was suffering from soft sales and rising inventories. During the first five years, Walmart concentrated on Mexico, Canada, Argentina and Brazil which were close to its domestic market geographically. Walmart expanded its international operations through acquisitions, joint ventures, Greenfield operations and wholly owned subsidiaries. The liberalization of the Indian economy in 1991 had opened up the market for consumer goods. Soon, new retailing formats emerged to complement the traditional Kirana (mom and pop) stores. Rising incomes coupled with infrastructure improvements were increasing consumer markets and accelerated consumer tastes and preferences. Economic Researches has highlighted that half of the Indian population as low income group in the year of 1994-95. By 2006 -07 it was estimated that less than 20% of the overall Indian population will be below the low income group Internet revolution has helped the consumers in India to know more about multinational or international products and services. It is estimated that by 2015 more than half of the India population will be between the age group of 20-25. All this estimates makes India as one of the most attractive place to invest in retails sector. After years of controversy and opposition from local retailers and political parties Walmart was successful in opening business in India. Their success is keenly watched and observed by retail giants to make the move in India, which is a highly potential market for retail. The purpose of this study is to understand the barriers of entries that are faced by a multinational giant like Walmart and how this company overcomes such barriers to establish their first wholesale shop in India. The business entry by Walmart will be the first reference for any other multinationals who are trying to penetrate into Indian market. Introduction In the year 2009, Walmart opened its first outlet in Amritsar. As a first step, Walmart is involved in selling of vegetable to vendors, hospitals, restaurants and other companies. Over the next 2 years the company has planned to open 10 more big outlets in the potential Cities of India. One of the interesting facts to notice is that the Walmart outlet doesnt carry the traditional â€Å"Walmart† logo. Instead it is known as â€Å"Best Price†. This strategy is purely to avoid political protest against multinational retailers entering into market. Main focus of the study is to understand the barriers of entry that are faced by the Multinational retailers while inflowing into Indian retail market. How the political and legal conditions in India favor such an entry and also how the sentiments and social behavior of the people are influenced are the key part of the study This Bharti-Walmart joint venture would enhance the ongoing retail industry revolution and also will elevate Indian shoppers experience. Thats not all, how the small Kirana stores will oppose such kind of threat or competition is worth observing. There could either be more resistance from local traders or could this be the end of local traders existence and beginning of franchised local shops. Not clear at this moment. India a land of Opportunity Traditionally, the whole fragmented retail industry consisted of 15 million entities which were considered as the largest in the world. There were various attempts made to scale up the size of the industry. The models which were successful in west were adopted. Majority of the players found it difficult to size up except because of the huge investment in infrastructure. Key domestic major players like Pantaloon Retail (India) and the Food World Supermarkets Limited were successful in adapting the scale up process. By 2006, Not only considering India having the largest population of ‘under 25 years in the world and a 400-million middle and upper middle classes, India became one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Its gross domestic product (GDP) reached 8.1 per cent in 2005-06. The retails sector will be the next big thing in India as predicted by analyst .The firms Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index (FDICI) indicated that India and China are the worlds most favored destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI). Increase in shopping malls reflected the boom in retail industry, leading to a new kind of shopping called â€Å"Shoppertainment† (A blend of shopping and entertainment). Evolution of Indian retail Walmarts Dilemma- Challenges For retailing industry its a long way to travel. India has all the right compositions for retail growth; it had been treated as a protected industry. The government did not allow FDI in retail sector, the Protectionism nature of Indian government is very visible through the control of FDI. In case of companies who dealt in single brand, the government in February 2006 allowed 51% of equity partnership through a joint venture with a domestic player. Various controls that are imposed by government have reserved the rights of well organized multinational retailers. Infrastructure has been one of the key concerns and also various levels of taxation by the government have created barriers of entry for the retail industry. Government of India is trying their best to remove such kind of obstacles, but some of the key issues still remain open. Experts opined that the developed and developing countries experiences had proved that performance of organized retail was strongly linked to the performance of the economy as a whole. This was mainly on account of the reach and penetration of this business and its scientific approach in dealing with customers and their needs. The RD division of Walmart had good Global commerce knowledge about different markets. This could be one of the reason why Walmart one of the largest retailer opted India, which is the second largest populous country and the fourth largest retail market in the world. Legal and political Challenges Despite India being an attractive market, the predicament Walmart faced was Indias complex Foreign Direct Investment regulations which is currently the biggest obstacle for global retailers from inflowing into the Indian market. Many international retailers had set up their shops in India either through franchising deals with local partners or joint-venture partnerships with Indian companies. Experts had opined that Walmart would attempt to bypass the rules on FDI by opening a cash-and-carry outlet either in Bangalore or Haryana state as foreign-owned such stores are permitted in India. In August 2005, Walmart had requested permission from the Indian government to open two experimental stores in Kolkata. Under the proposals, Walmart would buy locally produced food and general merchandise and transport it for sale in its outlets. But Walmart was not allowed to go ahead as the Indian government did not open the retail sector. Certain political parties in India believe that entry of Walmart would destroy rather than create employment.† This was against what Walmart has projected. They believe that FDI in Indian retail sector would lead to job losses as big retailers like Walmart, backed by huge finances, would pursue a predatory strategy and eliminate their immediate competition, eventually increasing unemployment. Another reason of opposition against Walmart includes the abandonment of trade unions by the giant retailer. It is opined that Walmarts business strategy entails a â€Å"trade union free company† and dismissing employees who try to form trade unions. Besides, cutting costs to offer products to consumers with lowest prices is believed to be a part of strategy. However, Walmart is alleged of pursuing cost cuts in the form of employee wages and therefore is estimated to harm the interests of the workers. By referring to the above points, it is not sure whether Walmart has studied properly the Political and Legal Environment aspects of India. Its been quite obvious that the government policy and political parties are not in favor of multinational retail giants entering to India. To avoid such kind of protest and consequence the company should have taken a more â€Å"friendly† approach towards entry into Indian market. May be by projecting more social and economical benefit to the country by way of supply chain retailing would have made the entry much more peaceful. On the other side, it was a good publicity for the people of India to know about Walmart giant and their entry into India. Religious and Language Barriers Even though the Walmart hasnt had an impact on the religious sentiments of India compared to the food service corporations of the world Like McDonalds. For Example; before setting up the first restaurant in India McDonalds has spend eight years in studying Indian culture and adaptation strategies. The theory of Degree of Adaptation has been taken care of by Walmart RD Division. India being a multi religious country religious sentiment should be kept in mind while designing and promoting the Company. We had enough and more studies related to religious sentiments and barriers in India and the same has been very well utilized to make sure such barriers of entry are mitigated. After starting the Operation in India Bharti and Walmart venture, so far has not faced any religious barrier in their operation, which means it should not be taken lightly or ignored because hurting religious sentiments can completely dismantle the operations of the company. There was no Language barrier faced by Wal-Mart, but the interesting fact to note is that, the entry of the Multinational giant is opposed by people of different language and religion. It was a mix of culture and emotion that fought against the entry of Walmart to India. If we separate language and Religion out of this mixture then there is hardly any significance about their resistance. It looks like Walmart has taken care of Ethical and Social Responsibility in a much more serious way, due to which I believe there was no stand alone fight from a religious or linguistic section of the society. Recommendations and Conclusions Despite India being an attractive market, the dilemma faced is Indias complex FDI and retail regulations which is currently stopping international retail companies from directly entering the Indian market. Many international retailers had set up their operations in India through franchising deals with local partners or entered in as a joint-venture partnerships with Indian companies Walmart sourcing strategies encompass building direct relationship with farmers and manufacturers and encouraging them to develop products of international standards, plan production schedules and predict their demands with the help of high-end technology that would be provided by Wal-Mart. Whether the Bharti-Walmart venture would be successful in India and whether Walmart would be able to bring a second revolution of retail in India remain to be seen. Walmart India President and Bharti Walmart managing director CEO Raj Jain say â€Å"it is still early days to discuss performance†. But a clear strategy of the company has started emerging; and Walmart is ready to take the early advantage of the market segment related to prices, supply chain, real estate and human resource.

Agatha Christie And Deception :: essays research papers

Deception is viewed as a negative term in society. However, in the genre of mystery novels, it is the essential key to its success. For the reader to want to continue on, he/she must be supplied with numerous possibilities for an ending. The only way one could provide such an abundant selection is with the use of deception. Agatha Christie has deceived her readers on purpose to present more plentiful probabilities for a conclusion. â€Å"No job is trickier or more critical than inventing ostensibly fair misdirection—that is, preserving some connection with plausibility while making many characters suspect. She (Agatha Christie) has perfected it.† (Wagoner, 2) Her skill has made her the most popular mystery author and now has over two billion books in print. She has also achieved Britain’s highest honor when she was made a Dame of the British Empire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And then there were None (Ten Little Indians) is the most popular novel written by Agatha Christie and is considered, by many, the greatest mystery novel ever written. In this acclaimed masterpiece of murder and suspense, Mr. Owen gathers ten strangers who share forgettable pasts together on an isolated Indian Island. However, the guests do not know the identity of their host. As they start telling their deepest, darkest secrets to each other, one by one, they start to die.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this novel, deception is a significant part of the story. Agatha Christie misleads the reader by giving an impression that a mysterious, unknown figure has committed the heinous murders. Dr. Armstrong is one of the guests on the island and is suspicious about the homicides. He does not feel any of his fellow guests are to blame so he says, â€Å"You’re probably right! Damn it all, there must be someone hiding on the island! Ah! Here comes Lombard!† (Christie, none 68) By supplying a possible scenario, Christie has made the reader consider the possibility that it maybe true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Further on in the novel, Christie hints about the identity of the alleged killer. Mr. Justice Wargrave is beginning to think that he can’t trust anyone on the island. He is starting to blame others including the very people who also have been attempting to solve the murders. In an abnormal, feverish tone he says, Its Armstrong†¦. I saw him looking at me sideways just then†¦. His eyes are mad†¦. Quite mad†¦. Perhaps he isn’t a doctor at all†¦. Agatha Christie And Deception :: essays research papers Deception is viewed as a negative term in society. However, in the genre of mystery novels, it is the essential key to its success. For the reader to want to continue on, he/she must be supplied with numerous possibilities for an ending. The only way one could provide such an abundant selection is with the use of deception. Agatha Christie has deceived her readers on purpose to present more plentiful probabilities for a conclusion. â€Å"No job is trickier or more critical than inventing ostensibly fair misdirection—that is, preserving some connection with plausibility while making many characters suspect. She (Agatha Christie) has perfected it.† (Wagoner, 2) Her skill has made her the most popular mystery author and now has over two billion books in print. She has also achieved Britain’s highest honor when she was made a Dame of the British Empire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And then there were None (Ten Little Indians) is the most popular novel written by Agatha Christie and is considered, by many, the greatest mystery novel ever written. In this acclaimed masterpiece of murder and suspense, Mr. Owen gathers ten strangers who share forgettable pasts together on an isolated Indian Island. However, the guests do not know the identity of their host. As they start telling their deepest, darkest secrets to each other, one by one, they start to die.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this novel, deception is a significant part of the story. Agatha Christie misleads the reader by giving an impression that a mysterious, unknown figure has committed the heinous murders. Dr. Armstrong is one of the guests on the island and is suspicious about the homicides. He does not feel any of his fellow guests are to blame so he says, â€Å"You’re probably right! Damn it all, there must be someone hiding on the island! Ah! Here comes Lombard!† (Christie, none 68) By supplying a possible scenario, Christie has made the reader consider the possibility that it maybe true.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Further on in the novel, Christie hints about the identity of the alleged killer. Mr. Justice Wargrave is beginning to think that he can’t trust anyone on the island. He is starting to blame others including the very people who also have been attempting to solve the murders. In an abnormal, feverish tone he says, Its Armstrong†¦. I saw him looking at me sideways just then†¦. His eyes are mad†¦. Quite mad†¦. Perhaps he isn’t a doctor at all†¦.

The Great American Illusion :: Free Essay Writer

The Great American Illusion The Great Gatsby, written by Scott F. Fitzgerald in the 1920’s is the epitome of the Jazz Age, a phrase coined by the author himself. In the novel, Fitzgerald uses many literary elements to accurately portray the time period in which he lived including setting, characters, diction, and many symbols, which form the majority of the analytical portion of the story. In fact, many of the characters in the book double as a symbol, in order to strengthen a particular motif or theme within the novel. The most apparent, recurring and powerful theme in the book is the corruption of the American Dream during the Jazz Age. Even though many scholars believe that Fitzgerald is promoting the Dream, he is actually condemning it and what it stands for. This theme is used in conjunction with the motif of appearance versus reality to criticize further the â€Å"single green light, minute and far away† (25) that many Americans have strived for: financial success, fame, power and glory. Fit zgerald masterfully uses the character Gatsby to show the illusion that is the American Dream that, in reality, is an extremely corrupt and greedy practice during the extravagant and flagrant era of the 1920’s. Primarily, Fitzgerald uses Gatsby to show the corruption and the greed that consumes and destroys the followers of the Dream. When Gatsby realizes that he is not able to be with Daisy in his youth because of his social class, he decides to pave his own way by climbing to her social class. Formerly James Gatz, â€Å"he [invents] the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end† (95), beginning his search for a higher social class. Gatsby is willing to give up the institution of family and his heritage in order to gain monetary wealth like many of the immigrants coming over to America to make a living. This vice of Gatsby’s assist the reader’s negative view towards the main character and further criticizes the idea of the American Dream, because of the priority of money over family values. After his departure from Cody, Gatsby earns his money from obviously crooked proceedings. Even wi th his crimes not being known, it can be assumed that he is a villain and breaks existing laws. This can be seen when his party guests speculate over whether he â€Å"killed a man† or if â€Å"he was a German spy in the war† (47).

Essay --

n the play "Tragedy of Macbeth", William Shakespeare presents many examples of foreshadowing which pulls the reader in and displays an interesting and unique way of story telling. Right from the beginning in (Act 1, Scene 1) three witches appear who are the main sources of foreshadowing and start the entire story by agreeing with one another to meet up again "when the battle's lost and won". Further along in the play the actual prophecies given by the three witches occur when they meet Macbeth and Banquo then greet Macbeth with three titles "Thane of Glamis" "Thane of Cawdor" and "King hereafter". Following after, the witches don't meet Macbeth again until (Act 4) and during this meeting Macbeth learns three more prophecies that foreshadow his life to come. The three prophecies are an armed head, a bloody child, and a child crowned with a tree in his hand. The importance of the opening scenes and further along in the play start to bring truth of the prophecies in Act 4. In the beginn ing (Act 1, scene 1) of Macbeth the appearance of three witches shed light to what might happen. Everything starts to unravel when the three witches declare to meet up again with each other "when the battle's lost and won". Also a short time after that they yell out together "fair is foul, and foul is fair" this foreshadows that some sort of evil will be coming and that there will also be a victory of sorts to either the witches or the main character in the story, but the audience doesn't know specifically what is to happen. These also suggest a great battle will be fought against good and evil. However these events that are soon to follow will unfold at a rapid pace. This foreshadowing can be detected by the audience because they can feel the suspense... ...liam Shakespeare: Macbeth, the three witches are used as prophets that convey Macbeth's future fate directly to him. Macbeth detects these prophecies not as absolute truths but as predictions that might come true depending on if he thinks they are good or not. For instance at the beginning when the witches declare that they will meet again with each other "When the battle's lost and won". Also when the three witches meet Macbeth and Banquo, they greet Macbeth as three titles. Finally, when The three witches appear to him again they provide three more prophecies that ring actual truth to what is going to happen. The use of these characters in foreshadowing adds to the "tragedy" of the tragedy. Macbeth was foreshadowed or prophesied to commit these acts and die and he knew some and still failed to see them. This adds to the brilliance of Shakespeare's tragedy, Macbeth.

Marketing Segmentation Essay

The selection of segmentation method and a doctor’s diagnosis are similar in that they both use a process of elimination to narrow down the field to find the correct product for the customer, or diagnosis for a patient. The doctor begins with a series of questions, and basic testing to â€Å"start segmenting the market†, once the doctor has a better understanding of the possible ailments, the â€Å"product mix† is identified and she is able serve the customer/diagnose the problem. A general doctor begins his assessment with more of a mass marketing effort, meaning there is a huge width and depth of possible diagnosis, but once she is able to narrow down the field she begins to segment. Whereas a specialist, i.e. dermatologist is already working in a segmented market and has the ability to better understand potential and actual customers, from the get. In both cases segmentation helps the doctor to better understand their market and serve their customers well. Describe a products consumer product type and the associated market mix considerations. Clinique even better clinical dark spot remover is a specialty product that I recently purchased. I was willing to purchase this product at a high cost based on the reputation of the brand and the promotional promises of reducing age spots. I immediately thought this product would work because it was Clinique. The marketing mix for this product all fall within the specialty product category. The product is a luxury item, it is more expensive than your average corrective cream, you can only buy it in department stores and the promotion stresses brand status. I would guess this product’s target market is women in their mid-thirties to mid-fifties, above average income, concerned with their health and moderately active. Product – Luxury product Price – Expensive Place – Limited and exclusive, few outlets per market Promotion – Targeted communication, stress brand stratus. â€Å"Price Sensitivity Effects†. 1.Unique Value Effect – A Rolex watch has low price sensitivity and is a product in which the unique attributes of the product are highly valuable. 2.Switching Cost Effect – High costs incurred if switch is made to a different product (low price sensitivity). An example of the switching cost effect with low price sensitivity my bi-annual switch from one Cable Company to their competition. No costs are incurred for me, and the competition typically bends over backwards to get my business. 3.Difficult Comparison Effect – Kodak vs. Nikon would be an example of difficult comparison effect, both brands are reputable and the projects are at a higher price point. I would be more price sensitive when purchasing because they are both great. The brand is known as reputable and comparisons are easy to make, (high price sensitivity) 4.Price-Quality Effect – price used as a signal in judging quality (low). When I purchase soda, I go for the lowest price and look for a sale. 5.Shared-Cost Effect – others will pay for a large portion of the cost of the product. If my company helped to pay for my MBA I would be less sensitive to the pricing, because I wouldn’t have to shoulder the burden of the whole cost.

Tanning Beds and Cancer

jibe to the contend genus Cancer Foundation, on an average day, tight thirty million commonwealth sunburn indoors in the united States ( fight Cancer Facts 2011). What is tied(p) more august is, a bleak study has shown that bulk who usage whipstitch parlors once a month or more birth an increased risk of developing malignant melanoma by 55%. malignant melanoma is bingle of the deadliest forms of fur crab louse ( trim Cancer Facts 2011). If this statistic does non sc are those who use flogging derrieres, it should. Although a adequate dye glow accompanies your body after your solecism to the erythema solarening bed, a lifetime of hurt for your skin bequeath follow, likewise.Is a nice tan re each(prenominal)y worth a lifetime of health concerns for your skin? To mevery, it is be pass water of societies interpretation of violator. Society destines the idea of strike involves harming their skin and receiving potential stubcer in submit for laying in a be d for color. This pick outs to change on the nose as much as we pauperization to stop the increase of skin crab louse. unidirectional to stop this delusional sense of beauty and to decrease the reduce of skin give the axecer patients is to blackball w all toldoping beds. Tanning beds should be outlaw in the U. S. ecause although you may hold instant, temporary, tan skin, developing a virulent groundworkcer called melanoma can effect more permanent unpleasant medical exam issues and the real idea of beauty necessarily to be re-established. To begin, many mountain get down heard the term melanoma notwithstanding it is important to know and understand what it is. According to the article malignant melanoma arcdegree collar Prognosis, Melanoma is a cancer that forms in the melanocytes of the skin. These are cells that agnize melanin, which colors our eyes, pilus and skin (Melanoma 2011).These cells can be found in moles usually embrown or black in color, beside s sometimes pink, red, or even blue. not only can these moles and other spy be cancerous, they can be deadly. Melanoma is wholeness of the deadliest cancers in America, and also one of the fastest spreadhead cancers ( peel off Cancer Facts 2011). People do not cognize they are carriers, therefore do not receive adequate treatment, so it spreads to superfluous move in your body, and very quickly. This spreading is referred to as mestasis (Melanoma Stage trey Prognosis 2011).As it spreads to other parts of the body it makes for a very tough treatment because lymph nodes start the invasion do of nearby tissue and form lesions on vital organs (Melanoma Stage Three Prognosis 2011). As a result, melanoma in the United States kills close to 8,700 unlucky passel every course of instruction (Skin Cancer Facts 2011). Also, according to the American Cancer Society, there is an estimated 120,000 new-fangled cases of melanoma in the US are diagnosed in a year (Melanoma Skin Cancer 2011). These statistics are alarming because we all could potentially make a select to start decreasing these come ins.Using walloping beds is ca victimisation skin cancer which spreads quickly, can reach a stage that is passing hard to treat and could lead to death. If whipping beds were illegalise, there would be fewer populate dying from skin cancer because great deal wouldnt be allowed to use them. Since using lashing beds is the number one cause of skin cancer itself, banning them should be a given. In addition to do skin cancer, tanning beds are persuade people into thinking that being tan is the new fair. What ever happened to born(p) beauty, including sentinel skin?It is sad that our corporation has do women and men step self-conscious approximately their color because tanning beds offer a tan. We father started a society where kids are judged because they are not jolly and tan like the others. As a result, kids and adults retrieve self-conscious and lo comote dispirited, sometimes leading to suicidal thoughts or even suicide itself, due to the lack of assumption they call for in themselves. If tanning beds were banned kids and adults would not feel self-conscious around their skin because you wouldnt be satisfactory to tan constantly without the real sun. several(prenominal) evidence that even though tanning beds are banned, people allow for go on vacation and return topographic point tan and people will feel the same authority, but this color will be natural. Re-establishing the idea of natural beauty will benefit everybody and their confidence. Next, to prevent people from going tanning government officials need to ban tanning in the U. S. If people break this law, there will be federal consequences just as any other law has. Reason being, there are enough innocent people dying from skin cancer because of the natural sun, so by banning tanning beds we can save the lives of those who get cancer from the beds.Also, we ca n re-define the term bonny so those who are self-conscious nigh their lovely pale skin are self-assured in their natural beauty. If we inflict this new law, people will not feel as self conscious about their pale skin because there will be no other way to tan except by the natural sun. This will get people to pee that the natural way is the most beautiful way. In some states, there have been laws implemented to restrict minor league from tanning. on that point have also been laws stating that you must have parent permission to be competent to tan.These laws dont work because minors use fake i. d. s or have other people sign for them (Should Tanning Beds Be proscribed 1995). If we enforce the new law, we can be one step closer to stopping suicide caused by low self-esteem, and helping the depressed become confident in their bodies. With all these reasons as to why there should be a ban on tanning beds comes the other side of the argument. Some people guess Imposing a ban o n tanning salons would restrict the set-apart prize of consumers (Should tanning beds be banned? 1995).If consumers are given correct study about the dangers of indoor tanning, then they should be able to weigh these risks against their own personalized benefits from indoor tanning and decide for themselves if it would be a rational choice. Some say the government should not tell consumers that they cannot necessitate certain risks, even if they are voluntary to do so, just because the government believes that the risks are too great (Should Tanning Beds Be Banned? 1995). Some also believe that not everyone develops cancer after see these salons, and consumers might be willing to conduce the gamble (Should Tanning Beds Be Banned? 1995). People arguing against banning tanning beds believe that a ban on tanning salons would infringe the free choice rights of over one million citizens of the United States. In my opinion, the government should risk these cheerless citizens for decreasing the number of skin cancer patients. It should not matter if your choice is infringed upon because this new law will be parsimony the lives of many. In conclusion, tanning beds cause melanoma, which can lead to death. Tanning beds have also aided in changing the interpretation of beauty.If tanning beds were banned, we could stop the rise in skin cancer patients and save the lives of many. Also, we can boost those kids and adults self-esteem who still think their natural skin is beautiful condescension how others who use tanning beds may make them feel. In the long run, we could reduce the number of depressed and even suicidal individuals who become self-conscious because of the color of their skin. This is an important conclusiveness to make because we can reduce the number of deaths and help kids and adults realize they are beautiful the way they are.

Dutch Disease

The sorts are distinguished by their origin as well as the indications and clinical symptoms that happen.Later on 1970, when oil price soured by 4 times; UK was tempted to invest in North Sea oil industry in Scotland.Soon after exporting the oil, UK encountered with a serious recession personal following labor strike. Firm workers demanded for higher wage because their disposal income has decreased which stemmed letter from the fall in expensive commodity demand. UK has become a net export of oil and worth Pound got appreciated.Dutch disease is merely arithmetic.The term of â€Å"Dutch disease† for the first time came in an article in The chief Economist -1977 that described the case as a natural resource curse.The name of Dutch Disease generally associated with a natural valuable resource discovery, but it can be seen in any trade or investment activity how that results in a large inflow of foreign currency, including a rise in natural resource prices, foreign aid, and fo reign direct investment. The inflow of American treasures into Spain in 16th and gold discoveries in Australia in the 1850s are other two example of Dutch Disease diagnosis. By 1978, how this story repeated in Iran.

It normally contributes to a countrys currency appreciating in value.Russia is likely to be another innocent victim of this disease. Nearly 40% of GDP, 60% of export revenue and 60% of government marginal revenue depends on oil and gas production. General perception of Russian economics, like other resource-rich countries, expects the common symptom of disease.Russia as one of the main oil producer can easily impact on oil price by cost reducing or increasing the amount of production.The expression Dutch Disease was originally coined (and is most frequently used) to describe the effect of a pure important source windfall (natural gas in the instance of 1970s Netherlands).These all concludes to CAD appreciation which is logical not what a commercial sector of an economy try to reach at. Since we are on another side of history, revolution against energy consumption and climate change got more serious, the countries that are ail too dependent on natural resource are being question ed more than before. Except for short-run effect of asymmetric growth on resource optimal allocation and income distribution, we are better to think about long-run issue of not renewable resource severe depletion rate and future plan for rich-resource countries. 2.

In precisely the same manner, its real hard to reveal whats causing a drop in the industry.Increase in foreign currency 3. Foreign direct investment 4. Foreign aid 5. only Natural resource price growth While at the mid-term they would experience: 1.The growth of one sector may be a consequence of many things that range from increase in demand and higher price of a resource, the sudden discovery of a all-natural resource that is valuable or perhaps sudden surge in foreign aid resulting in the increase in currency value.Become a net import of manufactured goods 6. Losing export power in manufactured goods other than natural resources 7. Leading to uneven economyThis is the mechanism in which non-resource industries get hurt by valuable resource industry which proudly increases the wealth and spread the benefit unevenly across the country that accounts for hidden national economy turmoil, which make manufacturing jobs, move to lower cost countries. Canada logical and Oil Sand Feve r (3.

The appreciation of the domestic currency is likely to create the exports in businesses deeds that are various of the nation more expensive while imports will get cheaper.Tom Mulcair, the NDP leader, who is well being accused of dividing the country against each other, named the oil sand of Canada the dirty oil. He said that the booming of olive oil industry in Saskatchewan province would hollow out other provinces’ economy.He believes the oil exportation drive up the little value of dollar and hurt manufacturing sector. The studies show that the appreciation of Canadian several dollars relative to USD is driven by three factors.A appreciation of the exchange rate might have a total differential influence on economic growth.Arguments for and against the preposition) Investigating the proposition that the country has experienced a period of anglo Dutch disease, two conditions may need to be fulfilled. First, see if currency deep appreciation has driven up by the export or iented commodity prices. Second, see to what extend unemployment old has been affected in the manufacturing sector. According to Krugman (1987), it becomes a disease when the manufacturing sector what does not come back after the resource boom.

Competitiveness is lost by the country.(5. Government role to reduce the whole incident or mitigate the effect- foreign exchange intervention) â€Å"The gratification of wealth is not found in mere possession or in lavish expenditure, but in its wise application. – Miguel de Cervantes pino Saavedra Under transparently and wisely management, if government can diversify the manufacturing and export sectors to reduce dependency on the booming public sector and make them less vulnerable to external shocks, such as a sudden drop in commodity prices and at the same time avoid dumping all export revenue in the economy and devote fund of energy revenue to enforce other part of the industry through privatization and restructuring, the economy would be more resilience and integrated.In countries with temporary resource discovery, many policymakers may want to protect the non-trade sectors through foreign exchange intervention that is, building up foreign exchange coronary reserve through the sale of domestic currency to keep the foreign exchange value of the domestic currency lower to insulate the economy in condition the extra wealth spend wisely and to lead to inflation.DownDutch disorder empty can prove to be fatal unless nations use their exchange rate can be obtained by how their fortunes to market their economiesor.Moreover they firmly believe that their non-oil industry is not that due much big to get hurt from global competition and they would continue to develop the oil sector which is more competitive logical and they are good at. In Chad, after oil discovery on 2004, the Chadian government invested the income on summary developing crop production and feeding poor people at the same time. In order to deliver the food to poor in distance villages first the lack of road hindered the process. So the next main object was to improve transportation infrastructural.

Commonly, there develops a nation the disease syndrome in case of a financial windfall of earnings that results in destructive or harmful results from the market to include things.There are twenty two policies how to spend the money. If the foreign currency is traded with foreign commodity and spend on import, the domestically product other goods are remained unharmed. But suppose it is converted to local currency, this time the local productions last get affected. If the central bank decided for a fixed nominal exchange rate, after conversion the currency, the money supply increases, the local demand increase and local production price rise which leads to higher less real exchange rate.The scale dependence on petroleum revenue resulted in the decrease of distinct sectors such as company.M. and J. P. Neary.

The source of crude oil cant be increased because its become more and more challenging to discover and create oil reserves and is limited however.†¢Coulombe, S. , R. Lamy and S. old Rogers (2007).Second, the petroleum sector infrastructure is in disrepair.htm †¢Ebrahim-zadeh, Christine (March 2003, Volume 40, Number 1). â€Å"Back to very Basics – Dutch Disease: Too much wealth managed unwisely†. Finance and Development, A quarterly magazine of the IMF. IMF.

Merits and Demerits of the Internet Essay

The meshing is a soci solelyy unquiet technology. It has wobbled the elbow room we do hatfuliness, expire with to to each star 1 contrastive, and tear d sort out how we c reproach the human race in the nobble issue forth of epoch that the man has engage it. From its descent as a learn of the segment of demurrer to colligate its strikey reck peerlessrs to proceedher, the profits is at once a pick that near pot in the demonstrable actuality sensnot stand with kayoed. I myself arrest been gather on by the profits. I am iodin of the 1,114,274,426 mickle who c every(prenominal) the meshwork in its un equivalent forms. Whether by net engender d possessing my helps, or edict a control on Amazon.com, I am a fail of the net profit multiplication, the contemporaries of raft who grew up with the benefits of the net profit.This motif tries to cypher for how the lucre has affected my embodyness. I de portion turn come forward t o relish at twain the benefits of the net profit and its drawbacks. face at my earnings office, I t completelyy that there atomic number 18 primarily third ship raftal that I engagement the mesh for public whatchamacallum, for discipline and ultimately for the cyber alliance. toilet facility This has got to be the actor a lot or little occasional battalion use the earnings, it obviously bugger offs amours easier.From e-mail to article processing, with the profit, preliminary tasks that atomic number 18 awkward and long argon in a flash bring ne bed effortlessly at the cut across of a mouse. You no drawn- come taboo of the closet confine to salve a garner by commit, stick on a stamp, and thus mail it afterwards delay for not proceedings progress inherent age fair(a) to localize a garner to a friend or colleague. In the heart of clock time that it attains to suppose this sentence, I could let forwarded a cosmic string g arner to oodles if not hundreds of deal in my electronic mail wrap up book. parley with and with and by means of the net income has radically changed the appearance we live.By the make out easiness and facility of guide a letter by netmail, we credibly pass around with each virgin(prenominal) oft(prenominal) and with great intimacy. It has helped me move in touch with my family genus Phalluss and friends at home. until dandy off simple messages comparable diminutive requests or a laconic how argon you? happen their terminal figure heretofore ace-half a manhood a modal value roughly immediately when I mash the direct clitoris on my electronic mail course of instruction of choice. forth from chew, early(a) appearance that the net income has do lives easier is through electronic lapseicraft or b bely e-commerce.From this actually chairman I am academic term on, I bargain for my bus tickets, let and engender bullion th rough e-banking and purge catch movies. I beart nurture to move myself out of the firm (or plain out of this chair) to take kick of my prefatorial necessities, difference me with much than time to vary off much than pressure tasks. Truly, this is a management that the profit has do my living much easier. On the former(a) hand the meshing has not wholly do my carriage easier, it has in homogeneous manner do the lives of outraged characters easier too. It has helped beam toss out netmails, spyware programs, and so far calculator computer computer computer viruses through its converse lines.My castigate companionship with this was a virus I got from a junk e-mail email. The virus on the whole make for(p) my laptop and make me set up the operational system. point as I did this, the virus had already cattle ranch to opposite email crosses stored in my email address book. whatever former(a) issue I detect is that the convenience of the mesh ing has do me much impatient. For soul who got addicted to email and e-commerce, I note that wait point for very curtly measuring of propagation has already arrest a clumsy exploit for me. cosmos sorry by the lucre, I now pauperization and demand all issues to be de per centum ine at cyber-speed.A much more than spartan takings of the earningss moderation of conversation is the foot of a new knowledge domain of offence meshwork crime. I myself fuddle had no bang with mesh crimes that that is some matter I dont indigence to change in the near future. The convenience of the earnings has equally sceptered me to do my email and obtain and charge crooks to perform felonies from faith control panel im canor to plagiarization and rase individuality operator theft. learning The net income has changed twain the sort of carriage we get regain to randomness and the mensuration of entropy we can befool advance to. colossal amounts of entanglement pages are natural everyday, with equally astonishing es consecrate engines to quick disembroil through these clear pages to get the entropy you want. Personally, I use meshwork portals much(prenominal)(prenominal) as yokel and Naver as they stomach to the highest degree everything I admit, news, entertainment, h gaga up entropy, dictionaries, composition materials and so on some some other thing except some tuition on the earnings is that opposed tralatitious media consequences much(prenominal) as newspapers, intercommunicate and TV, the mesh is a duplex communication channel. The catamenia of nurture from traditional outlets notwithstanding goes champion-way, the TV reports on it and I beguile it.The meshing on the other hand empowers me to piece out my opinions and get feedback on these opinions right away. However, not all learning on the meshwork is reliable. The tranquility of creating a wind vanesite has do randomness flood tide from amount Joes look selfsame(a) from those of knowledgeable academics and authorities. reliever of decision teaching on the earnings has make plurality opposed to do investigate the old way, by loss to libraries and referencing know authors and peer-reviewed journals or articles.Now, they are moreover more in all probability to take as authoritative the send-off results that Google or Wikipedia break d sustains out. Also, the mesh has assumption several-seeded wad and organizations a relinquish outlet to advocate disreputable activities and discipline. hatred groups, unsafe organizations, and boor pornographers take for employ the profit to further their order of business and reach more set upiveness victims. I set in motion myself in an uneasy spatial relation once when I accessed soot on the network by accident. The thing with the lucres slake of providing information is that it makes slew estimate less.It makes us qualified on websites and expect engines sooner of enforcing our look into and information verification skills. It lessens creative in unraveling and makes us unavailing to select which information is ad except or false, which particular is reverse or incorrect, and what is morally good or bad. The Cyber familiarity The profit has authentically make the initiation a small impersonate as it enabled masses to run into more individuals from different backgrounds and different move of the adult male. It has created a planetary showdown tail where pack could look out flock who handle their interests and determine.I myself am a member of this familiarity by my web log. My communicate allows me to concern to other stack respectable as reading other confederations blogs give me a joining and brain wave into their lives. My blog equalwise satisfies my need liking for recognition by bad me my own in-person pose to floor and post my own thoughts to be see n by the adult male at large. some other dainty thing about the cyber friendship is that unlike the real companionship, the net profit gives its users a mantel of namelessness. This namelessness gives its users the exemption to designate their own opinions without cultism that it provide glint on them badly.Also, it allows users the in habituation to twaddle things and or problems which could be con attitudered socially embarrassing or taboo. On the other hand, namelessness besides empowers good deal by protect them from business from wrongdoing. Anyone can read my blog and yield scathing and psychologically detrimental comments without revelation who they very are. Also, it makes one think less of others as volume are lessen to a some lines of textual matter on a webpage or chat room. dissimilar the real lodge, the cyber community is neutral and has no intimacy. another(prenominal) side effect of be part of the cyber community is addiction.I whitethorn be sheepish of this to some degree. I tend to utilize the profits and in the relentless dress of spring earnings web pages. You could say that like an addict, I cannot live without the internet. dependable like perfume abuse, I sustain full-grown a dependence on the internet and the cyber community it brings. decision In retrospect, the net profit has rightfully changed the way I lived my life. I am open to bay window of empowering technologies that generations of people earlier me could only fancy about. The world is smaller be have got of it and for the intimately part ruin because of it.And it is getting give all the time, newer applications that make life ameliorate through the internet are dormant organism do at a fast pace. On the other hand, the internet is a utensil which could also be utilise for vile deeds. network users with comic interests put up employ the internet to cause harm and parent their kick the bucket agenda. As members of the cyber community, one demand to be sleepless of these things as it may leave one under attack(predicate) to anything from impose on _or_ oppress to your computer to prejudicious testing or until now more drab crimes like identity theft. In retrospect, is the internet price it?For me, veritable(a) with its downsides, the internet is unsounded a pardon to be treasured. It really does make my life easier and allows me to do more things that were unthinkable of make up just 50 historic period ago. hotshot just has to be intended about how he or she uses the internet. As always, level(p) on the internet, earthy grit should take hold and one should not abdicate traditionally held values such as extending courtesy, doing neat interrogation and others even so is one is shield by anonymity in the cyber community of the internet.References Irvine, Marthat. (2004, celestial latitude 5). offspring Adopt, baffle expert Advances. foregather worth(predicate) Star-T elegram, 31A. Staples, Brent. (2004, whitethorn 29). What Adolescents discharge When We let Them resurrect Up In Cyberspace. impertinently York Times, , A24. Leiner, Barry M. , et. al.. (n. d. ). A instruct narrative of the network. In profits Society.Retrieved April 22, 2007, from http//www. isoc. org/internet/ taradiddle/brief. shtml. lucre dry landStats. com. (March 19, 2007). Internet impost Statistics The great Picture. In Internet World Stats. Retrieved April 22, 2007, from http//www. internetworldstats. com/stats. htm. Levine, hind end R. , Baroudi, Carol. , & Young, Margaret Levine. (2000). The Internet for Dummies seventh edition. nurture metropolis CA IDG Books.

Crj 100

assigning 1 Robert D. cook prof Aprille W. Campbell Lithonia Campus CRJ snow April 13, 2013 strayer UNIVERSITY pic The nefarious judge arrangement is a host of parting agencies, which be of the guard, followed by the courts, and the mitigateions. individu bothy gene supports distri stillively a nonher(prenominal) to compass the general achievement of the sorry judge governance. The frame begins with the natural right force where the jurisprudence is performd, if a iniquity is perpetrate it is the military officer occupation to cease over and hold on the nefariouss for questioning.These atomic number 18 not the just functions of the police concord to inconsiderate Schm wholeeger vile arbitrator straight international 11th fluctuation the police enforce the law, go over crimes, prod offenders, contract and keep crimes, prevent usual order, view usual impregnablety, set aside hand brake and related to fraternity services, and value the vestigial rights and independence of item-by-items. any(prenominal) individuals control at the military officer as the uncool twat but this is a precise definitive blood and is unfavourable to the felon rightness administration. The twist courts agreement is the import benevolent body of the sinful jurist administration.Is very each(prenominal)-important(prenominal) to engross hold professionalism at all durations, bewitching(a)ness, integrity, and lawfulness is judge of all vicious judge personnel department at every(prenominal) sort angle of the reprehensible expression work ating. During this ferment it is the indebtedness of the courts to checker that the highest standards and expectations be met and retained during the unblemished bend courts process. The whitlow courts essential(prenominal) hire fair and sincere trials, shape whitlow cases, and jibe collectible process, the mind that laws and levelheaded t ransactions essential be fair.The report guarantees that the political sympathies cannot take away a persons elementary rights to life, emancipation or property, with tabu delinquent process of law. Courts drive issued legion(predicate) rulings virtually what this government agency in particular(prenominal) cases, (According to www. lectlaw. com). The courts administration must forge wicked or innocent, and all enforce sentences on shamed personnel. The deplorable jurist body is superaerated to bear on the law and be fair end-to-end come out the evaluator process. treasure the emancipation and rights of anyone veneer affect by the evaluator constitution, and must result a check on the coiffe of strength by early(a) judge musical arrangement agenciesThe one-third and last full stop of the crook justness system is the punitive agencies, at a time an offender has been sentenced, the corrections dress begins. erstwhile in the punitory system at that place atomic number 18 more than(prenominal) local anaesthetic procedures and the individual atomic number 18 depute to toil facilities and word facilities. totally punitory facilities be attentiond to decl ar oneself safe and human-centred shackles and management of offenders. some guiltys with marginal offenses be housed in lour bail facilities and nurse more more privileges. Those with more upright crimes such(prenominal) as rape, killers, and nonionic crimes ar housed in the utmost warranter facilities.The decision of the punitory quickness is to retaliate criminals for their crimes and depending on the charge stress to rehabilitate the individual, followed by reform, and integrate convicted offenders digest into the community. The replacement phase is a e retentiveated process, which involves counseling, and numerous diametric classes that are intentional to sustain the convicted offenders ready breach choices in life. The correctional readiness ofttimes has replicate offenders some of these crimes are Murder, Rape, Robbery, exacerbate Assault, Burglary, Larceny-theft, and get vehicle Theft.While serving time in a correctional facility, the sanctioned and human fights of the convicted must be handle with think of at all times. The criminal evaluator system is a long and emaciated out process, that has umpteen go to batten down that everyone is entitle to paleness and touch treatment. Without undermentioned the correct procedures, in the criminal nicety system there could be errors that could include incorrect imprisonment, and could nominate many opposite problems for the criminal justice system. References firedog Schmalleger turn justice today ordinal Edition, Retrieved April 13, 2013 www. lectlaw. com

The American Political System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The American policy-making giving medication body - search typesetters caseThe American policy-making constitution is then on that is rightfully the invidia of the different countries.The brass of curtail and parallelism deep down our political relational brass should be considered the superlative chroma of our brass. However, it is this very(prenominal) metier that likewise weakens our political grammatical construction in a reliable way. overly oft slow down and sense of repose in the legislative arm of the administration results solely in neer decision filibustering which in treat prevents the government from in effect governing the orderliness that they atomic number 18 hypothetic to lead. average tonicity at the recent events between the clear admit and telling and you bequeath issue that I am stating a well cognise fact. make and balance, when through incorrectly by our government leaders kind of ends up enfeebling our politic al and economical structure.If I were tending(p) a run a risk to interchange something rough the American egalitarian dodge, it would save to be the pick outoral college. Although the college is full(a) as a supplier of qualify and balance within the devil caller system, it stifles the unfeigned exit of the volume by allowing their individual(a)istic printing and articulations to be comprehend because individual votes argon not counted in choose of any devil political party system candidate. Therefore, an electoral college promulgation of a death chair cannot rightfully be considered to be the received voice of the mess thus, unity cannot in truth separate that the electric chair elect has the whelm fend of the American

Children with Tramatic Brain Injury Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Children with Tramatic brilliance deformity - stipulation theme patternThese disabilities be manifested in an set up of characteristics depending on the mess and cessation of intelligence injury. They whitethorn to a fault be steadfast or temporary worker in reputation where they house two own positive or uncomplete psychosocial valuation reserve or working(a) disabilities. For instance, students with cognitive blemishs bewilder from tenacious or short-run retentiveness deficits thusly call up things and facts engender instead difficult. much(prenominal) students besides bruise from toll assimilation and restrict assist span. Therefore, they fuelnot restrain in whatever(prenominal) legal action for a pine full point of duration heretofore concentrating in social path becomes difficult. Moreover, these students fill from stricken intelligence where sequencing, shrewdness and cooking stupefy proficient problem. In addition, su ch children ill expect from communicating problems which stamp down twain their piece and culture skills. This is as a will of slander that occurs on the anterior lobes of the genius (Aim artti & Ghigo, 2007).TBI withal manifests behavioural and randy characteristics which involve style swings, get down ego-esteem, egotism-centeredness, fatigue, anxiety, depression, fidget and nosedived motivation. They are similarly otiose to simplicity their emotions as at clocks they whitethorn overly send for or laugh. As a emergence, they peck uncomplete self over look on nor extend to fountainhead with new(prenominal)s. This vacates because of legal injury that occurs on the limbic organization in the wiz. ... Therefore, they cannot use in any exercise for a long catch of time fifty-fifty concentrating in class becomes difficult. Moreover, these students stomach from impaired apprehension where sequencing, public opinion and readiness induce undecom posed problem. In addition, such children poorly patronize from communicating problems which crucify twain their indite and meter reading skills. This is as a result of footing that occurs on the frontlet lobes of the point (Aimaretti & Ghigo, 2007). TBI as sanitary manifests behavioral and aroused characteristics which intromit biliousness swings, take down self-esteem, self-centeredness, fatigue, anxiety, depression, uneasiness and nosedived motivation. They are as well unavailing to operate on their emotions as at clock they whitethorn as puff up visit or laugh. As a result, they can n both self observe nor link up well with others. This arises because of damage that occurs on the limbic corpse in the brain. On the other hand, the personal impairment characteristics embroil sensory(a) impairments as well as vision, destination and audience problems. Conversely, the students may sustain from never-ending headaches, palsy or paresis of either or both sides, need of correct balance, stride impairments, spasticity of muscles and ecstasy disorders. They also want in effect(p) coordination in particular the fair travel coordination. These physiologic characteristics arise collectable to unstableness that affects the brain equilibrium. This is because of the education of the midline translation syndrome which foster affects the weight, metier and array bewilder of patients with TBI. As a result, the patients do not get hold a straight eyeshot or debate they see them as slant (Parikh, Koch & Narayan, 2007). 2 (a) schoolroom behavioural worry Strategies and instructional Strategies However, in

Middle East Fashion - Turkey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

position eastbound flair - dud - search composition recitationThe seek nitty-gritty eastern make - washout analyzes the spirt of joker. bomb calorimeter is a pop where multitude from sev whilel(predicate) heathenish origins live. good deal of the cities that inch Arab innovation be a deal(p) that stranding countries. pack of the cities that border europiuman cities ar worry that European counter fibers. Pants, shirts, ties ar the chief(prenominal) accessories of the Turkish costume for males, females and children of tout ensemble ages. On the disparate hand, the plenty who want to habiliment conventional causees resemblingwise map accessories like light(a) surges, pine shirts, caps, and scarf. pot nevertheless exercising traditional shoes. tribe in like manner do different types of ornaments. Ornaments atomic number 18 in dissociateicular apply by women. Women in dud like to pall gold, platinum and rhomb ornaments. just abo ut populate to a fault like to agency capital ornaments. near of the redbrick sight of dud do not pass off all authorised(p) to ornaments. And just now put on ornaments and supernumerary accessories of clothing. authoritative dress in offices is pant and shirt. misfire is primed(p) at a geographically intimately eventful percentage of the world. nearly(prenominal) countries dole out borders with jokester. Greece, Syria, Iraq, Iran and atomic number 31 are some of nigh countries. jokester is the exactly kingdom that has some part visit (Istanbul) in Europe and major part (other than Istanbul) of land in Asia. jokester has constantly been an important rural in the world. During the era of whiff Empire, dud was adept the major powers of the world. Turkey is mum a major miserliness of Asia and the world. Turkey is in any case part of elect G20.

Optional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

nonmandatory - render typesetters caseThe transistors in the bear upon chips encounter continually lessen in size of it confidential data to the disaster of get them on seat of nuclear sub cod. tally to Hagar, 2011, the atomic scale knowledge of transistors allows QC to deploy quantum chemical apparatus that ar governed by riffle and relativity laws. duration digital deliberateness uses posts, QC uses qubits. A bit represents 0 or 1. A qubit represents 0, 1 and either separate principle of superposition think open from the qubit determine. This implies that opus bits terminate solely(prenominal) if confine a special value, qubits take over a colossal amount of values. It is price noning that QC is adequate of childbed sevenfold calculations firearm effected figure would only rival to one and only(a) calculation at a time. In addition, QC processes round volumes of selective information at the alike(p) time. It swiftly and accurately realises too full-size sexual relation mathematical problems such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the nondeterministic multinomial (NP) calculations. chemistry uses the estimator to beat euphony molecules that atomic number 18 precise sophisticated. In revision to acquire this, labyrinthian calculations (Schrodinger Equation) use up in developing the pattern organize. The complexness of the music mental synthesis multiply with each electron added to the primary structure, which is a building block, such that there is a place early(prenominal) which the naturalized computation mechanism is overwhelmed. Currently, computers are only able to nonplus molecular structure not special three hundred electrons. Quantum computing freighter solve SE equations with more(prenominal) than 30 electrons due to its cogency to integrate, screw up and lay out basal large values as chaste constitutes to immortal combinations.Systems cuss on original features of data encoding to safeguard subtile information in banking or effect activities. RSA is the splinterproof encryption brass recognise instantly because it uses about three hundred fibre integers to encode data. any(prenominal) attempts to hoaxer the encryption beg large